Archive for the ‘investing’ Category

Due Diligence and Property Inspection, Part 9: Qualifying the Inspectors

Friday, May 16th, 2008

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Buying fixer-upper houses, repairing them, and renting them out is a safe way to generate short-term income and long-term wealth. But, how can you be sure that a house is worth what you are offering to pay for it? Based on experience, we can eyeball the property and probably be able to make a pretty accurate estimate of its worth 90% of the time.

However, that’s not good enough. We need more information than our educated eyeball can provide. In order to:
1.) avoid any surprise defects after its too late, and
2.) negotiate a lower selling price for the house,
we hire a professional inspector to do a physical and structural inspection.

For the last post related to due diligence see Due Diligence Property Inspection, Part 8 – pest control and property damage.

Most purchase agreements require the seller to deliver the property in good physical condition with all basic systems in good shape, unless the seller discloses otherwise. Generally, the inspection process reveals deficiencies that need to be corrected, whether they were disclosed or not.

So with inspection reports in hand, you are armed to arrange for the seller to correct the noted items at his/her expense. The seller is trapped in a corner. He reads the report and sees the photos showing the inescapable evidence that repairs are needed. He either makes the repairs or you walk.

Inspect the inspectors before you hire one.

Most investors hire a property inspector based on the advice of a real estate agent, which is not necessarily a bad way to go. But, you will be spending a tidy sum to hire an inspector, so its best to interview a few before deciding. You may see a big differences in experience, qualifications, and ethical standards. I would never hire an inspector who would not allow me to accompany him during the inspection.

Tagging along with the inspector presents a great opportunity to learn about your property, and will arm you with knowledge that will be invaluable throughout your entire ownership of the house. You’re the one paying for the inspection. How can the inspector say no?

If you want a true professional, hire a full-time inspector who perform 100 inspections a year and who carries “errors and omissions” insurance. This coverage tells you that the person is working full time in the field and is participating in ongoing continuing education.

To locate certified inspectors and find out more about the inspection process see the American Society of Home Inspectors web page.

Ask for a sample of one of the inspector’s recent inspection reports prepared for a comparable property. And, require your finalists to provide you contact information for 3 people who have used their service in the last 6 months.

Price should be a secondary concern because like other professional services, they often pay for themselves. An internet estimate of inspection costs indicates that prices range from $215 to $750, with an average price of $260 (in the southwest where I live).

Earlier articles in this series:

Due Diligence Part 7, Physical and Structural Inspection

Due Diligence Part 6, Tricks Sellers Use to Avoid Inspections

Due Diligence and Fixer Upper Properties Part 5 – the “as-is” sale

Due Diligence, Part 4 — Disclosure Requirements

Due Diligence, Part 3 — Inspecting the Property

Conducting Due Diligence, Part 2 — Reviewing books and records

Conducting Formal Due Diligence

Info on Terry’s Book

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Due Diligence Part 7, Physical and Structural Inspection

Monday, February 25th, 2008


The due diligence period is the time period between the acceptance of the offer and the close of escrow. This is particularly relevant to those of us investing in fixer upper houses. It is the time to find out if you really want the property. If you find something wrong with the house and don’t wish continue with the purchase, you can ask the seller for adjustments, or get out of the contract. Following the outline in “Investing in Real Estate for Dummies,” we now look the first component of actual inspection: the physical and structural inspection.

Areas that you may want to hire experts to help you inspect:

-overall condition of property
-structural integrity
-foundation, crawl space, basements, sub flooring and decks
-roof and attic
-plumbing system
-electrical system
-heating & A/C
-landscaping, irrigation & drainage
-doorways, walls & windows
-moisture intrusion
-seismic, land movement, or subsidence and flood risk
-illegal construction or additions and zoning violations

Be careful to check for water intrusion and signs of toxins and mold. These can result in property damage and negative health effects.

Tell-tale signs to watch for that might indicate serious structural issues:

Cracks: Some hairline cracks may be naturally occurring settlement of the structure over time, but if you can stick a screwdriver into the crack, something else may be going on.

Unleveled or squishy floors: Walk through the property and look for floors that slant or slope. And watch for soft spots in raised floors.

Misaligned structure: You can use a handy laser level (that seem omnipresent in the hardware stores) and see if floors, walls and ceilings are uneven or out of plumb. Watch for doors or windows that don’t open or close easily.

Grounds: Be sure the property drains properly. Excess groundwater, poor drainage, or cracked/bulging retaining wall are signs of soil issues.

Moisture intrusion: Look for ceiling/wall discoloration and stains. Living in an area where flat roofs are common, my wife and I automatically check the ceilings of all potential investment properties. Musty odors could indicate moisture issues. Sump pumps anywhere on the property are a red flag.

Plumbing leaks: Check under sinks, supply lines for faucets, toilets, dishwashers, and washing machines.

NEXT UP: PEST CONTROL AND PROPERTY DAMAGE

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Weekly Real Estate and Investing Blog Roundup

Saturday, February 2nd, 2008

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As regular as the sun rising, here again is my unsolicited, unbiased, undervalued and unwarranted weekend blog roundup of favorite real estate and investment blog articles of the week. If you have a blog article that you think is particularly interesting, send it to my and I will have my crack advisory team evaluate it for possible (i.e., almost certain) inclusion.

Picking Tenanants, (or is that picking ‘at’ tentants?) at Conniebrz.com
Homemownres — avoid foreclosures by thinking like investors at twowiseacres.com
I’m Dreaming of Spring as fsbojane.com
The Power of a Heatgun at rentalsrus.blogspot.com/
Investor’s Meeting at myrei.blogspot.com/
Foreclosures as a smart financial option? at iboughtaduplex.com/
Just walking away at livelearninvest.com/blog/
Tulsa Rental Update at shaunsre.blogspot.com/
Should I get a loan to invest at gatherlittlebylittle.com/
The Big Rocks of Life at moolanomy.com/
16 Ways to Save Money by not being Normal at christianpf.com/
75 Frugal Hacks for Your Home at beingfrugal.net/

Info on Terry’s Book

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Part 4 of Serial Home Buyers/Sellers, What properties do serial home buyer/seller buy?

Saturday, January 12th, 2008

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Serial home sellers buy houses, live in them for at least 2 years, and then sell them and pay no federal capital gains tax. The key to making a serial home seller business work is to find houses that you can add value to. How do they do this?

They buy houses below market value that need repair

We now know, if we didn’t know it before, that prices don’t continue to rise every year at 5%. In fact, it appears that house prices may continue to drop for several years into the future.

So, that means that we have to add value to the house. We must find houses in need of repair and bring them back to their former glory, to force the value of the house to go up.

I know, you’re saying, “But Terry, your answer to everything it to buy a fix-up house. You have been promoting that forever. That’s the name of your blog, and your book, and probably your dog.”

My response is, how did you find out the name of my dog?

Actually, my response is that this is not merely an improbable coincidence, but it actually is the way to make the system work. You must find the right house in need of repair to buy before you can expect to make any money when you sell.

Key Advantages of Fixer-upper Houses

The three great advantages of buying fix-up houses are:

1.) You buy them for much less than you would pay for
a normal house, so you spend less of your investment money to get in;

2.) Because the price is less, monthly mortgage payments are also lower than if you had bought a traditional house;

3.) After the repairs are completed, the house automatically increases in value, and is valued the same as other houses in the neighborhood. This is a faster and more certain way to add value, rather than having to wait for housing prices to appreciate.

Learn to Make Repairs

Another key to making the serial home buyer/seller approach work is to make your own house repairs, as far a possible, instead of paying someone else to do it.

Never miss an opportunity to do your own repair work. Think of it as part of your educational process. You lose two ways when you hire someone to do your work. First, you lose the chance of a free education, and second you lose the money that you would have saved by doing it yourself. It may take you four hours to change an electrical receptacle or fix a toilet that won’t flush, something a professional could do in minutes. Don’t be concerned, in the long run you have learned a skill to be used for the rest of your life.

To learn more about making repairs, read “So You Want to Learn the Zen of Making House Repairs” that I posted at Amazon.com.

Where you find these properties in need of repair? Tune in to the next blog installment.

Serial Home Buyer/Seller Tax Exemption, Part 5 – sources of fix-up houses

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Develop independence and your kids learn too

Monday, October 29th, 2007

Want to teach your kids how to manage money? Do you want them to share your desire to develop income independence?

In the post “Do As I Do” at Overcoming Real Estate Obstacles, Carol says, “You’ll never be financially secure working for someone else. Your job, as much as you love it, is always at risk for many different reasons. Therefore, you need to make your job a bit less important. The only way to do this is to start a business of your own. You can begin small, while you’re still working. That way, you will be prepared if your fired, laid off, or the company you work for shuts down.”

And she says that the way that our kids learn about financial realities is by setting a good example. If they watch us do it, they are far ahead of the pack. I encourage you to read this excellent article.

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How to Learn the Skills to Repair Houses, part 2

Wednesday, September 26th, 2007

This of Part 2 of my reponse to a question asking, “My background is not in the building trades. How do I learn the required skills to start a business in repairing houses and renting them out?”

How to learn the appropriate skills:

3. Draw on the Past

After I got more involved in the repair work of our houses, I thought back about how my father had taught me a lot by example. I recall seeing him construct screened-in porches on various houses that we had lived in. I was too young to help out much at the time, or to appreciate what he was doing, but looking back I realize that it required a strong desire to learn the basic principals, and a sense of self-confidence to build it. He had no formal training in construction, and didn’t have reference books like I do, but he learned by observing other porches that had been built in the neighborhood.

I also have a friend who has made a career out of living frugally. He does virtually all of his own house repair and car repair work. If he gets stuck, he goes to the library and finds books to help him. It helps that he has a background in teaching vocational eduction. We have helped each other with house repair projects over the years, and he is a source of practical advice when I need help.
You too may have family members, or friends, that you can draw insight and inspiration from when it comes to making repairs.

4.Create a House Repair Library

I like to scour the fix-up book areas at used book stores for good buys. I buy a book as soon as I see it if I know that it has valuable information. In the past, I have waited to purchase the book only to return later and find that the book I had wanted was gone. The price you pay will literally be a drop in the bucket compared to the money you will save. I have books on almost every possible repair topic, including electrical wiring, plumbing, flooring, you name it. Some books that offer information on a wide variety of repairs, such as Reader’ Digest “Fix-it Yourself Manual” and Better Home and Gardens Complete Guide to Home Repair,” are also good to have. See my earlier blog for more infomation on recommended repair books.

When a book is not enough, I can usually get good advice on specific jobs at hardware stores, like Ace Hardware. And, you can sometimes get advice on difficult repairs by doing a Google search.

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How to Learn the Skills to Repair Houses, part 1

Tuesday, September 25th, 2007

I recently received a question asking, “My background is not in the building trades. How do I learn the required skills to start a business in repairing houses and renting them out?”

In terms of how to learn to repair houses, I will answer that question in two parts. The first part today, and the second half of my answer will be in a subsequent blog article.

How to learn the appropriate skills:

1. Learn by doing. When Orson Wells directed his first movie, “Citizen Kane,” he said that he felt “like a kid with a giant train set.” One nice thing about buying a fix-up house is that it’s like having giant practice house, where you can practice learning to do repairs. Since the house is already pretty well beat up, its OK if you make a few mistakes along the way. You can always go back and correct them later.

My philosophy is that the best way to learn is by doing. Granted, you have to gradually work your way up, if your are beginning near the bottom. At first you will have to hire out for most of the moderate or difficult repairs. Make sure you watch, or assist in doing, the repair when you pay someone to do it. That way you can do it, or at least do part of it, the next time you encounter the same situation.

Just last week, I had to hire someone to repair my air conditioner in a house that I am living in and fixing up at the same time. I took time off my 9-5:00 job to be on the roof with the repairman and observe what he was doing. I saw all of the tests that he performed with the multi-tester to identify what was wrong. The problem turned out to be two capacitors that were blown. If a similar problem arises in the future, I will know how to check and replace the capacitors myself.

If you have to pay someone to make a repair for you, make sure that you get your money’s worth by watching the repairman, and learning how to do it yourself.

2. Take community college classes. Most community colleges offer courses in the building trades – plumbing, electrical wiring, air conditioning and furnace repair, and woodworking. For a fairly low price, you can learn how to make repairs like a pro by taking these classes. I have taken several classes and they have been well worth the investment of time and money. Besides leaning the skills in a supervised environment, you also learn how to use the correct tools in the proper manner. As part of the program, students are required to take an 8-hour OSHA course in how to be aware of work site dangers, to do work in a safe way, and to avoid accidents. I highly recommend that anyone who does repair work take the OSHA class.

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How to Make Money in Real Estate – Stick to the Basics

Friday, September 14th, 2007

One of the surest ways to make money in any endeavor is to follow in the footsteps of other successful people. Astronaut Neil Armstrong followed in the steps of John Glenn. Comic actor Ben Stiller followed in the steps of his show biz parents Stiller & Meara. The same is true in real estate. Plenty of people have gone before us.

Buying lower-priced fixer-upper houses, using your own time & effort to fix them up, and renting them out has been a tested and true path to generate wealth & security.

The four chief benefits of purchasing fix-up houses are:

1) if you buy a house in need of repair, a fixer upper house, you pay less for it than for a house in good shape. Since you paid less, you can take out a smaller loan and have lower monthly payments.

2) By doing repairs yourself (as much as you are able to), you save the money you would have paid others, and you learn new repair skills.

3) By renting it out, you get a house that is constantly increasing in value (by an average 5% per year) the same time the rents are going up.

4) When you get older, your loans will be paid off (or close to it) and the rental income you receive are like a pension for your retirement.

Granted, it is hard work to find a house, make repairs and learn how to deal with tenants. But you also learn valuable technical and people management skills that you can use in other parts of your life, and pass along to others. Mostly, there is a great sense of satisfaction in your accomplishments, a stronger sense of security, and more income, which means more freedom.

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